bailiwick of Ennerdale Crown Liberty & Palatine - Bailiwick of Ennerdale Copeland in Cumbria
© Former Crown Manor of Ennerdale - Feudal Barony of Copeland 2020-24

News

A Thousand Years of History

Ranulph, son of William de Meschines, granted a portion of the manor of Ennerdale to the priory of St. Bees, as appears by one of the chartularics of that house ; the rest of Ennerdale (Origianl Baronnie of Coupland) continued in the family of Multon, and, defcending to the Boyvils and Grays, was part of the possessions of Henry, father of Lady Jane Gray, which, on his attainder, efcheated to the crown. There is a foreft within this manor, which formerly was stocked with red deer. The whole lordship continues in the crown until 1821 when the "Crown Manor" was sold to Lord Lonsdale. https://www.wolfensberger.org/pages/library/books/Cumberland_Co unty/historyofcountyo02hutc.pdf

Ennerdale Fishing

The Ennerdale valley has a glacial lake some 3.9km long, 45m deep and 113 meters above sea level that provides amazing wild trout fishing opportunities. Photo Below: Copyright Owner G. S Mentz, Esq.

Mining in Ennerdale

The remains of a number of iron mines can be found above the shore of the lake. Small trials were driven beneath Revelin Crag, above Anglers Crag and on the upper eastern slopes above Red Beck. Although haematite was found, the quantities were never sufficient and all of the mines had closed by 1896

Ennerdale Rivers and Water

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Water Rights By the law of England the property in the bed and water of a tidal river, as high as the tide ebbs and flows at a medium spring tide, is presumed to be in the crown or as a franchise in a grantee of the crown, such as the lord of a manor, or a district council, and to be extra-parochial. The bed and water of a non-tidal river are presumed to belong to the person through whose land it flows, or, if it divide two properties, to the riparian proprietors, the rights of each extending to midstream (ad medium filum aquae). In order to give riparian rights, the river must flow in a defined channel, or at least above ground. A freshwater lake appears to be governed by the same law as a non- tidal river, surface water being pars soli. The preponderance of authority is in favour of the right of the riparian proprietors as against the crown. Most of the law will be found in Bristow v. Cormican, 1878, 3 A.C. 648. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/bri/w/water- rights.html Riparian rights are ancient legal rights that attach to waterfront property by virtue of that property actually meeting the river or harbor or ocean shoreline. They're the manorial rights of the waterfront property owner to gain access to the water or to gain access to their property from the water. They exist with the property regardless of whether or not they're mentioned in a deed, and these water related rights are passed on with the ownership of the waterfront property. Riparian manorial rights give the waterfront property owner the right to access the water, to use the water in front of their property. They give the waterfront property owner the rights of relatively unobstructed view of the water, and in many cases the rights to build a boat area, dock or docking facilities to aid in access to the waters. These rights also grant the waterfront property owner the right to gain ownership via the expansion of land in the event that sand or shoreline builds up through accretion.

Ennerdale Forest

In Cumbria, the Ennerdale valley is home to some of the most amazing natural environments in England. Landowners the National Trust, Forestry Commission and United Utilities created the Wild Ennerdale Partnership in 2003 to return the region to nature. After 2005 storms damaged almost 25.000 trees in the area, the partnerships and citizens began reforestation and select planting of trees. If you go to the left above the Latterbarrow, it leads to the long abandoned remains of stone huts or shielings, possibly of Viking origin. Bailiffs and Court of Ennerdale Bailiwick Several Nobles have been appointed and approved by the Court Leet as Bailiffs of Ennerdale BOE. 1. Tan Seri Panglima Professor Dr. Sean P. Rozario - KStJ (Justice) BOE, OLM, GC - GFD, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 2. Datuk Seri Dr. P Thirunal Karasu, JP, BBM, PBM, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 3. Tan Sri Sir Sean Rozario, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 4. Prof. Dr. John Kersey, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 5. Sultan, Tuanku Seri Paduka Duli Yang Mulia Sultan Tuan Beragung Muhammad Yunus Abdullah Rahmadsyah Al-Haj The Bailiwick of Ennerdale Sovereign Rights The Seigneur of Fief Blondel, George Sherwood Mentz, is The Lord of the Bailiwick and Liberty of Ennerdale and he holds the rights to the Bailiff in Chief and Keeper of the Forest. The style "Lord of the Bailiwick of Ennerdale" is historically appropriate, particularly as the territory was granted from the Crown with full manorial, liberty, and court rights, and was administered as a distinct bailiwick of a royal forest throughout history. With the title today, the use of this style would carry historical and ceremonial significance, particularly in contexts of heritage law and manorial dignities. As Frankpledge by implication is Inherent in the right to hold a court leet, the Liberty and Bailiwick of Ennerdale held unpresedented juridictional power as a royal forest when it was sold outright with Court Leet to Earl Lonsdale. Since the sale by the Crown to Earl Lonsdale included Court Leet jurisdiction and franchise rights over the Liberty and Bailiwick of Ennerdale, the Lord of Ennerdale has retained the lawful power to appoint a local officers or a Captain of the Liberty or Bailiwick and to ceremonialy nominate a Justice of the Peace for internal manorial and internal liberty disputes or matters. Court leet is an English court for the punishment of small offenses. The use of the word leet, denoting a territorial and a jurisdictional area, spread throughout England in the 14th century, and the term court leet came to mean a court in which a private lord assumed, for his own profit, jurisdiction that had previously been exercised by the sheriff. https://www.britannica.com/topic/court-leet In summary, the 1822 Ennerdale Forest & Manor sale stands out as a rare, possibly unique, instance of a Crown manor (with full manorial and judicial rights) being sold outright in modern times, especially at such a late date and on such a scale. A title of Captain, Chief, or Chief Justice of the Bailiwick of Ennerdale would be legally and historically sound if: The court leet or court baron was active, The Lord had retained the view of frankpledge or other franchise rights, The title was ceremonial or supported by heritage law.

Chaplains and Vicars

The Grand Chaplain for the Bailiwick of Ennerdale is WAC Anglican Lord Chancellor Dr.Jur. George Mentz, JD, MBA, DSS, The Seigneur of Blondel et L’Eperons. Mentz is also the Vicar General of the WAC Worldwide Anglican Church. Comm'r George Mentz reserves the rights to name any priest, or priests, or vicars, or bishops, or spiritual advisors for the Bailiwick,Liberty and Manor and it's territory. As a Chancelor-Bishop, Mentz will serve as the spiritual advisor for the Liberty and Bailiwick and other Orthodox Spritual Persons as official Ecclesiastical Officers for Ennerdale. Under UK law, the Human Rights Act 1998 (incorporating Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights) guarantees freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, including the right to manifest one's religion in worship, practice, and observance. This means that a Lord of the Manor is legally free to appoint or recognize any individual as a private chaplain, priest, or bishop for the manor, even if that person is not affiliated with the Church of England, so long as the role is symbolic, private, or within a registered independent religious body. Such appointments are lawful expressions of religious autonomy, provided they do not infringe public order or misrepresent official religious authority under established law. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Commissioner George Mentz Consecrated by Worldwide Anglican Church Archbishops and Bishops WAC Worldwide Anglican Church Confirms Mentz in the Role of Bishop - Chancellor "Episcopus et Iudex Ordinarius" - The WAC is an official church in 40 nations under the rule of it’s Patriarch in Africa. [June 11, 2025] — The Worldwide Anglican Church (WAC), a global communion of apostolic tradition and evangelical witness, is pleased to announce the solemn consecration of Commissioner George S. Mentz, JD MBA DSS, by the laying on of hands in apostolic succession by the senior Archbishops and Bishops of the Church. This sacred rite formally recognizes Mentz’s calling and commitment to service as Bishop Chancellor and as "Episcopus et Iudex Ordinarius"—bishop and ordinary judge—within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Church. This momentous consecration, performed in accordance with canon law and Anglican custom, affirms Mentz’s ecclesiastical authority as both a spiritual shepherd and a legal presiding officer of the Church's internal governance and judicial matters. Commissioner Mentz, an internationally recognized scholar, jurist, and author, has served with distinction as Lord Chancellor and Chief Presiding Legal Officer of the WAC. His elevation reaffirms his continuing role in upholding the Church’s constitutional integrity, canonical due process, and interjurisdictional relations with global ecclesial and religious orders. “The consecration of Bishop Chancellor Mentz is a sacred affirmation of both his divine calling and his extraordinary commitment to justice, service, and the worldwide mission of the Anglican faith,” stated the WAC. “We are honored to walk beside him as he continues his leadership as a bishop of law, equity, and vision.” In addition to his service to the Church, Bishop Mentz is a noted educator, economic advisor, and legal commissioner, holding over 25 years of experience in academic, judicial, and international diplomacy roles. For more information about the Worldwide Anglican Church or Bishop George Mentz’s office, visit: �� www.worldwideanglicanchurch.org The Worldwide Anglican Church (WAC) claims apostolic succession through valid episcopal consecrations passed down in historic lines from early Christian bishops, preserving the unbroken line of succession from the apostles of Jesus Christ. Key Aspects of WAC’s Apostolic Succession: Anglican Lineage: The WAC maintains that its bishops have been consecrated in lines that descend from the Church of England, especially through bishops connected to the Anglican Orthodox Church (AOC) and the African Orthodox Church (AOC)—which themselves claim valid succession from Anglican and Old Catholic bishops. African Orthodox Church Connection: A significant line of succession in the WAC comes through the African Orthodox Church, which was established in the early 20th century. This church claimed succession via the Syrian Orthodox (Antiochian) line and bishops who received consecration from Orthodox or Catholic sources. Oriental Orthodox Influences: Some consecrations in WAC’s lineage are believed to descend through Oriental Orthodox Churches, including connections to the Syriac, Malankara (Indian Orthodox), or Coptic Orthodox traditions. These lines are often interwoven through independent Catholic and Orthodox movements. Independent Catholic & Old Catholic Validity: The WAC also acknowledges lines from Old Catholic Churches, especially those of the Union of Utrecht, which were historically recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as having valid (though illicit) holy orders. Recognition by Concordat and Communion Agreements: WAC bishops have sometimes been consecrated with the assistance or co-consecration of bishops from other validly consecrated lines (e.g., Old Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican Continuum), strengthening their claim of validity under canon law principles. Summary: The WAC’s apostolic succession is maintained through a ironclad legal documentation of Anglican, Orthodox, and Old Catholic lines, with bishops consecrated by validly ordained prelates who trace their authority back to the earliest Church. These lines have been reinforced through laying on of hands in traditional rites involving multiple bishops to ensure theological and sacramental continuity with the apostolic tradition.
Learn More about hiking and camping at Wild Ennerdale
Types of manorial waste include heaths, moors, marshlands, commons, wastelands, woodlands, forests, hillsides, slopes, mountains, crags, fens, and bogs. Waterfalls, rivers, lakes, and ponds are manorial waste if simply part of nature and natural beauty. Manorial common land that is not considered manorial waste includes commonly used arable fields, meadows, pasturelands, allotments, orchards, garden plots, paddocks, and vineyards.
2022 News - By law, The Manor of Ennerdale has now become the 9th largest "National Nature Reserve" in England covering over 3000 hectares of landscape comprising water, forests and mountains. https://www.gov.uk/government/news/3000-hectares-of-spectacular-lake-district- landscape-becomes-a-new-national-nature-reserve Bailiffs and Court of Ennerdale Bailiwick Several Nobles have been appointed and approved by the Court Leet as Bailiffs of Ennerdale BOE. 1. Tan Seri Panglima Professor Dr. Sean P. Rozario - KStJ (Justice) BOE, OLM, GC - GFD, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 2. Datuk Seri Dr. P Thirunal Karasu, JP, BBM, PBM, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 3. Tan Sri Sir Sean Rozario, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 4. Prof. Dr. John Kersey, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 5. Sultan, Tuanku Seri Paduka Duli Yang Mulia Sultan Tuan Beragung Muhammad Yunus Abdullah Rahmadsyah Al-Haj The Bailiwick of Ennerdale Sovereign Rights The Seigneur of Fief Blondel, George Sherwood Mentz, is The Lord of the Bailiwick and Liberty of Ennerdale and he holds the rights to the Bailiff in Chief and Keeper of the Forest. The style "Lord of the Bailiwick of Ennerdale" is historically appropriate, particularly as the territory was granted from the Crown with full manorial, liberty, and court rights, and was administered as a distinct bailiwick of a royal forest throughout history. With the title today, the use of this style would carry historical and ceremonial significance, particularly in contexts of heritage law and manorial dignities. As Frankpledge by implication is Inherent in the right to hold a court leet, the Liberty and Bailiwick of Ennerdale held unpresedented juridictional power as a royal forest when it was sold outright with Court Leet to Earl Lonsdale. Since the sale by the Crown to Earl Lonsdale included Court Leet jurisdiction and franchise rights over the Liberty and Bailiwick of Ennerdale, the Lord of Ennerdale has retained the lawful power to appoint a local officers or a Captain of the Liberty or Bailiwick and to ceremonialy nominate a Justice of the Peace for internal manorial and internal liberty disputes or matters. Court leet is an English court for the punishment of small offenses. The use of the word leet, denoting a territorial and a jurisdictional area, spread throughout England in the 14th century, and the term court leet came to mean a court in which a private lord assumed, for his own profit, jurisdiction that had previously been exercised by the sheriff. https://www.britannica.com/topic/court-leet In summary, the 1822 Ennerdale Forest & Manor sale stands out as a rare, possibly unique, instance of a Crown manor (with full manorial and judicial rights) being sold outright in modern times, especially at such a late date and on such a scale. A title of Captain, Chief, or Chief Justice of the Bailiwick of Ennerdale would be legally and historically sound if: The court leet or court baron was active, The Lord had retained the view of frankpledge or other franchise rights, The title was ceremonial or supported by heritage law.
© Former Crown Manor of Ennerdale Feudal Barony of Copeland

News

A Thousand Years of History

Ranulph, son of William de Meschines, granted a portion of the manor of Ennerdale to the priory of St. Bees, as appears by one of the chartularics of that house ; the rest of Ennerdale (Origianl Baronnie of Coupland) continued in the family of Multon, and, defcending to the Boyvils and Grays, was part of the possessions of Henry, father of Lady Jane Gray, which, on his attainder, efcheated to the crown. There is a foreft within this manor, which formerly was stocked with red deer. The whole lordship continues in the crown until 1821 when the "Crown Manor" was sold to Lord Lonsdale. https://www.wolfensberger.org/pages/library/books /Cumberland_County/historyofcountyo02hutc.pdf

Ennerdale Fishing

The Ennerdale valley has a glacial lake some 3.9km long, 45m deep and 113 meters above sea level that provides amazing wild trout fishing opportunities. Photo Below: Copyright Owner G. S Mentz, Esq.

Mining in Ennerdale

The remains of a number of iron mines can be found above the shore of the lake. Small trials were driven beneath Revelin Crag, above Anglers Crag and on the upper eastern slopes above Red Beck. Although haematite was found, the quantities were never sufficient and all of the mines had closed by 1896

Ennerdale Rivers and Water

1911 Encyclopedia Britannica Water Rights By the law of England the property in the bed and water of a tidal river, as high as the tide ebbs and flows at a medium spring tide, is presumed to be in the crown or as a franchise in a grantee of the crown, such as the lord of a manor, or a district council, and to be extra-parochial. The bed and water of a non-tidal river are presumed to belong to the person through whose land it flows, or, if it divide two properties, to the riparian proprietors, the rights of each extending to midstream (ad medium filum aquae). In order to give riparian rights, the river must flow in a defined channel, or at least above ground. A freshwater lake appears to be governed by the same law as a non-tidal river, surface water being pars soli. The preponderance of authority is in favour of the right of the riparian proprietors as against the crown. Most of the law will be found in Bristow v. Cormican, 1878, 3 A.C. 648. https://www.studylight.org/encyclopedias/eng/bri/w /water-rights.html Riparian rights are ancient legal rights that attach to waterfront property by virtue of that property actually meeting the river or harbor or ocean shoreline. They're the manorial rights of the waterfront property owner to gain access to the water or to gain access to their property from the water. They exist with the property regardless of whether or not they're mentioned in a deed, and these water related rights are passed on with the ownership of the waterfront property. Riparian manorial rights give the waterfront property owner the right to access the water, to use the water in front of their property. They give the waterfront property owner the rights of relatively unobstructed view of the water, and in many cases the rights to build a boat area, dock or docking facilities to aid in access to the waters. These rights also grant the waterfront property owner the right to gain ownership via the expansion of land in the event that sand or shoreline builds up through accretion.

Ennerdale Forest

In Cumbria, the Ennerdale valley is home to some of the most amazing natural environments in England. Landowners the National Trust, Forestry Commission and United Utilities created the Wild Ennerdale Partnership in 2003 to return the region to nature. After 2005 storms damaged almost 25.000 trees in the area, the partnerships and citizens began reforestation and select planting of trees. If you go to the left above the Latterbarrow, it leads to the long abandoned remains of stone huts or shielings, possibly of Viking origin. Bailiffs and Court of Ennerdale Bailiwick Several Nobles have been appointed and approved by the Court Leet as Bailiffs of Ennerdale BOE. 1. Tan Seri Panglima Professor Dr. Sean P. Rozario - KStJ (Justice) BOE, OLM, GC - GFD, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 2. Datuk Seri Dr. P Thirunal Karasu, JP, BBM, PBM, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 3. Tan Sri Sir Sean Rozario, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 4. Prof. Dr. John Kersey, BOE Bailiff of Ennerdale 5. Sultan, Tuanku Seri Paduka Duli Yang Mulia Sultan Tuan Beragung Muhammad Yunus Abdullah Rahmadsyah Al-Haj The Bailiwick of Ennerdale Sovereign Rights The Seigneur of Fief Blondel, George Sherwood Mentz, is The Lord of the Bailiwick and Liberty of Ennerdale and he holds the rights to the Bailiff in Chief and Keeper of the Forest. The style "Lord of the Bailiwick of Ennerdale" is historically appropriate, particularly as the territory was granted from the Crown with full manorial, liberty, and court rights, and was administered as a distinct bailiwick of a royal forest throughout history. With the title today, the use of this style would carry historical and ceremonial significance, particularly in contexts of heritage law and manorial dignities. As Frankpledge by implication is Inherent in the right to hold a court leet, the Liberty and Bailiwick of Ennerdale held unpresedented juridictional power as a royal forest when it was sold outright with Court Leet to Earl Lonsdale. Since the sale by the Crown to Earl Lonsdale included Court Leet jurisdiction and franchise rights over the Liberty and Bailiwick of Ennerdale, the Lord of Ennerdale has retained the lawful power to appoint a local officers or a Captain of the Liberty or Bailiwick and to ceremonialy nominate a Justice of the Peace for internal manorial and internal liberty disputes or matters. Court leet is an English court for the punishment of small offenses. The use of the word leet, denoting a territorial and a jurisdictional area, spread throughout England in the 14th century, and the term court leet came to mean a court in which a private lord assumed, for his own profit, jurisdiction that had previously been exercised by the sheriff. https://www.britannica.com/topic/court-leet In summary, the 1822 Ennerdale Forest & Manor sale stands out as a rare, possibly unique, instance of a Crown manor (with full manorial and judicial rights) being sold outright in modern times, especially at such a late date and on such a scale. A title of Captain, Chief, or Chief Justice of the Bailiwick of Ennerdale would be legally and historically sound if: The court leet or court baron was active, The Lord had retained the view of frankpledge or other franchise rights, The title was ceremonial or supported by heritage law.

Chaplains and Vicars

The Grand Chaplain for the Bailiwick of Ennerdale is WAC Anglican Lord Chancellor Dr.Jur. George Mentz, JD, MBA, DSS, The Seigneur of Blondel et L’Eperons. Mentz is also the Vicar General of the WAC Worldwide Anglican Church. Comm'r George Mentz reserves the rights to name any priest, or priests, or vicars, or bishops, or spiritual advisors for the Bailiwick,Liberty and Manor and it's territory. As a Chancelor-Bishop, Mentz will serve as the spiritual advisor for the Liberty and Bailiwick and other Orthodox Spritual Persons as official Ecclesiastical Officers for Ennerdale. Under UK law, the Human Rights Act 1998 (incorporating Article 9 of the European Convention on Human Rights) guarantees freedom of thought, conscience, and religion, including the right to manifest one's religion in worship, practice, and observance. This means that a Lord of the Manor is legally free to appoint or recognize any individual as a private chaplain, priest, or bishop for the manor, even if that person is not affiliated with the Church of England, so long as the role is symbolic, private, or within a registered independent religious body. Such appointments are lawful expressions of religious autonomy, provided they do not infringe public order or misrepresent official religious authority under established law. FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE Commissioner George Mentz Consecrated by Worldwide Anglican Church Archbishops and Bishops WAC Worldwide Anglican Church Confirms Mentz in the Role of Bishop - Chancellor "Episcopus et Iudex Ordinarius" - The WAC is an official church in 40 nations under the rule of it’s Patriarch in Africa. [June 11, 2025] — The Worldwide Anglican Church (WAC), a global communion of apostolic tradition and evangelical witness, is pleased to announce the solemn consecration of Commissioner George S. Mentz, JD MBA DSS, by the laying on of hands in apostolic succession by the senior Archbishops and Bishops of the Church. This sacred rite formally recognizes Mentz’s calling and commitment to service as Bishop Chancellor and as "Episcopus et Iudex Ordinarius"—bishop and ordinary judge—within the ecclesiastical jurisdiction of the Church. This momentous consecration, performed in accordance with canon law and Anglican custom, affirms Mentz’s ecclesiastical authority as both a spiritual shepherd and a legal presiding officer of the Church's internal governance and judicial matters. Commissioner Mentz, an internationally recognized scholar, jurist, and author, has served with distinction as Lord Chancellor and Chief Presiding Legal Officer of the WAC. His elevation reaffirms his continuing role in upholding the Church’s constitutional integrity, canonical due process, and interjurisdictional relations with global ecclesial and religious orders. “The consecration of Bishop Chancellor Mentz is a sacred affirmation of both his divine calling and his extraordinary commitment to justice, service, and the worldwide mission of the Anglican faith,” stated the WAC. “We are honored to walk beside him as he continues his leadership as a bishop of law, equity, and vision.” In addition to his service to the Church, Bishop Mentz is a noted educator, economic advisor, and legal commissioner, holding over 25 years of experience in academic, judicial, and international diplomacy roles. For more information about the Worldwide Anglican Church or Bishop George Mentz’s office, visit: �� www.worldwideanglicanchurch.org The Worldwide Anglican Church (WAC) claims apostolic succession through valid episcopal consecrations passed down in historic lines from early Christian bishops, preserving the unbroken line of succession from the apostles of Jesus Christ. Key Aspects of WAC’s Apostolic Succession: Anglican Lineage: The WAC maintains that its bishops have been consecrated in lines that descend from the Church of England, especially through bishops connected to the Anglican Orthodox Church (AOC) and the African Orthodox Church (AOC)—which themselves claim valid succession from Anglican and Old Catholic bishops. African Orthodox Church Connection: A significant line of succession in the WAC comes through the African Orthodox Church, which was established in the early 20th century. This church claimed succession via the Syrian Orthodox (Antiochian) line and bishops who received consecration from Orthodox or Catholic sources. Oriental Orthodox Influences: Some consecrations in WAC’s lineage are believed to descend through Oriental Orthodox Churches, including connections to the Syriac, Malankara (Indian Orthodox), or Coptic Orthodox traditions. These lines are often interwoven through independent Catholic and Orthodox movements. Independent Catholic & Old Catholic Validity: The WAC also acknowledges lines from Old Catholic Churches, especially those of the Union of Utrecht, which were historically recognized by the Roman Catholic Church as having valid (though illicit) holy orders. Recognition by Concordat and Communion Agreements: WAC bishops have sometimes been consecrated with the assistance or co-consecration of bishops from other validly consecrated lines (e.g., Old Catholic, Orthodox, Anglican Continuum), strengthening their claim of validity under canon law principles. Summary: The WAC’s apostolic succession is maintained through a ironclad legal documentation of Anglican, Orthodox, and Old Catholic lines, with bishops consecrated by validly ordained prelates who trace their authority back to the earliest Church. These lines have been reinforced through laying on of hands in traditional rites involving multiple bishops to ensure theological and sacramental continuity with the apostolic tradition.